The talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints are also known as Choparts joints. The calcaneocuboid joint is a condyloid joint formed by the vertically oriented concave anterior facet of the calcaneus and the transversely oriented posterior convexity of the cuboid. The talonavicular joint is a highly congruent ball and socket joint formed by the convex anterior margin of the talar head and the concave posterior contour of the navicular. Some dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur through these articulations as well.
The two bones of the hindfoot function together and are responsible for inversion and eversion.
The talus articulates with the navicular distally, and the calcaneus articulates with the cuboid. The talus has an anterior, middle, and posterior facet that articulates with the calcaneus inferiorly to form the subtalar or talocalcaneal joint. The hindfoot is composed of two bones, the talus, and the calcaneus. The anatomy of the foot is divisible into the hindfoot, mid-foot, and forefoot. A thin membrane called the synovium encloses the joint and secretes a fluid to lubricate them. A layer of cartilage covers the surfaces of the joints where the bones meet which allows them to glide smoothly with each other as they move. The big toe has the metatarsophalangeal joint and one interphalangeal joint. The specific intertarsal joints of the foot include the subtalar joint, talocalcaneonavicular joint, calcaneocuboid joint, cuneonavicular joint, cuboideonavicular joint, and the intercuneiform joint.Īll the toes of the foot except the big toe have three joints which include the metatarsophalangeal joint (MCP) found at the base of the toe, the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) found in the middle of the toe, and the distal phalangeal joint (DP) found near the tip of the toe. The joints between the tarsal bones of the foot are known as the intertarsal joints. The joints of the foot are made wherever two or more of the foot bones meet. The foot is a complex mechanical structure of the human body composed of 33 joints, 26 bones, and more than a hundred muscles, tendons, and ligaments that all work together to bear weight, allow for locomotion, and transmit force.
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